Engine construction.



J. T. RYDBE RG. ENGINE CONSTRUCTION.

. APPLICATION FILED OCT. 9, 1911. 1,038,9?, v Patented Sept. 17, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

JZ/ua. 1 356156873 J. T. RYDBERG.

- ENGINE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLIUATION FILED OCT. 9, 191

1,038,970. Patented Sept. 17,1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Wilma 300,0

JOHN T. RYDBERG, OF GARWOOID, NEW JERSEY.

ENGINE CONSTRUCTION.

roesmo,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patent-ed Sept. 17, 1912,

Applicationfiled October 9, 1911. Serial No. 6513;647.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN T. Brnenno, citizen of the United States, residing at Garwood, in the county of Union and State of'New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements 111 Engine Construction, of which the following is a speci- 4 fication.

The present invention comprises an engine or motor designed particularly with a view of obtaining a maximum amount of power at the expense of a minimum amount of motive flui i A further object ofthe invention has been toconstruct an engine adapted especially for use in operating vehicles, or the like, and which may be started withoutpreliminary manu'al effort such as cranking, the expedient usually resorted to for engines of this type. I

More specifically, an engine comprising .the improvements of this invention embodies a crank shaft having at' least three cranks, though five, seven, or more may be employed, said cranks being so arranged as not to arrive at a dead-center when the motor; stops, and being connected with pistons meamted in cylinders onopposite sides of each crank. A fuel chamber is provided in which the fuel, as an explosive mixture,

'may be exploded, or which may-receive a motive fluid such as compressed air, steam, or the like, suitable connections leading from the fuel chamber to the various cylinders to supply the motive fluid to the latter at opposite sides of their pistons. The pistons furthermore, are directly connected with the cranks of the crank shafts by pitman rods which are adapted for oscillatory movement though passing through adjacent ends of the cylinders, the latter having peculiar automatically ope 'ating closures for the openings through which the pitman rods pass into the cylinders.

The invention resides further in the provision of peculiar means controlling the admission of. the fuel to the fuel chamber, said means being adapted to control also a passage leading to exhaust compartments, whereby when the motive fluid used in the engine is-of an explosive nature, a portion,

or all of'tlie exhaust products passing to the exhaust compartments? may 'be forced back into the fuel channels in theirtheated condition for admixture with the fresh fuel introduced in saidchamber, thereby raising the temperature of the latter and assisting in thorough combustion when exploded.

The invent-ion involves in addition to the foregoing a special formation of the con necting rods, let ers, etc., between the mov ing parts of the machine, whereby said parts are rendered self-oiling or constitute conduits through which a lubricant may pass to desired points of distribution. Included also in the invention is a sparking mechanism for exploding the fuel admitted to the fuel chamber when the same is of an explosive nature, said sparking mechanism being associated peculiarly in a cooperative manner with valve means controlling the admission and exhaust of the fuel with respect to the cylinders.

For a full understanding of the present invention, reference is to be had to the following'description and to the accompany- .ing drawings, in which illustrated in the drawings but it is to be understood that the exact arrangement and construction of the parts may be modified considerably without departing from the principle of operation incidental to the maehine as shown.

1 denotes a series of cylinders which are arranged in spaced relation to a second series 1, the latter being opposed in their arrangement with respect to the first mentioned cylinders. Preferably, the cylinders 1 and 1' are connected by brackets or yokes 2 which are supplied with suitable bearings supporting the crank shaft 3. Pistons 4 are mounted in the respective cylinders 1 and 1, and are connected by pitman'rods 5 with the cranks 6 of the shaft 3. It is to be noted that the cranks 6 are so arranged with respect to their relative angular disposition, as to prevent the engine from stopping at a dead-center, this being essential in order that the motor may be started merely by the admission of the motive fluid to the cylinders, the necessity of manual starting being thus obviated with resultant advan- 'tages.

A fuel chamber'7 is provided and fuel is supplied thereto through the manifold 8, the branch pipes 9 of which are connected to a series of supply chambers or cylinders 10' located on opposite sides of the chamber .7. In the supply cylinders 10 are arranged pistons 11, which form a part of .the pumping mechanisms by which fuel is; forcibly introduced into thepha mber 7 through inlet openings 12 controlled by the inwardly opening valves 13. The istons 11 are pro,- vided with, the downwar ly opening valves 14 and other valves 15 are located at-the points of connection of the pipes 9 wit-h the cylinders 10 for operation in a manner read- Leading from the fuel chamber 7 are the supply pipes 16 for .the cylinders 1 and the similar supply .pipes 16 for the cylinders 1. The pipes 1.6 and 16' are in communication with valve chambers 17, one of which 17 at each end of the motor.

sides "of the fuel chamber 7, and located .is provided for each cylinder and the valve chambers 17 of each set of cylinders are connected by the combined inlet and exhaust pipes 18 with the opposite ends of adjacent cylinders 1 and 1. Thatis to'say,two of the pipes 18 ext end from each valve chamber 17 and lead to the opposite ends of the cylinder, the admission and exhaust of which are to be controlled by the valve in said chamber. The valves in the chambers 17 are shown at 19 and are preferably of the rotary three-way ty-pe. Arms 20 extend from the valves 19, preferably inwardly, to points beneath the chamber 7, and each arm 20 is connected by a rod-21 with the adjacent crank located below said arm. The ex- .haust passage 22 connects the several valve chambers 17 and consists of apipe which may have an opening communicating with the exterior atmosphere. sages 22is provided for each set of chambers On opposite preferably" beneath the cylinders 10, are other cylinders 23 which form auxiliary exhaust sup 'ily :hambers and are in communication with the chamber 7 by means of inlet openings 12 and valves 13 similar to'ihose hereinbefore described. Furthermore, pistons 24-, similar to .the pistons 11, operate in the cylinders and have upwardly opening valves 25 controlling the openings through said pistons.

The set of cylinders 23 correspondto the One of the pasare connected at their inner ends with the rods 27 and are pivoted intermediate their ends to brackets 29. Each lever 28 has its outer end'pivotally connected by a rod- 30 to the arm 20 of the adjacent valve '19 so that the various controlling parts of the engine are connected together for a proper correspondence of movement, Whereby the workingot said parts is 'timed to insure the eliicient operation of the motor. Extending laterally from the levers are projections or pins 31 adapted to engage with anvils 32 carried by the outer ends of the movable electrode 33 which is employed for cooperation with the stationary spark point 35, and during the movement of the lever 28, it will be apparent that the projection, by engagement with the, anvil 32,

will so actuate the'electrode 33 as to cause a spark at the point'35 when the circuit including the spark plug is closed. A spring 36, which is housed in a tubularportion or core of the spark plug normally tends to force the electrode 33 outwardly and hold the same at its outer limit of movement.

The main working'parts of the cngin have now been described, and the opcrai ion of said parts briefly, is'as follows: Fuel passing from the carbureter to the, manifold 8 is conducted by the branch pipes 9 to the cylinders 10 and the pumping means comprising the pistons 11 and 24 controls the introduction of said fuel into the chamber 7. Obviously, on the lip-stroke of the pistons 11 and 24, the valves 14- are opened, the valve 15 is closed. and the valves 25 are closed so that in the cylinder 10, the fuel )asses through the openings in the piston 14 to the opposite sidcof said piston, while 23 and opens upwardly as the piston 24 movrs upward. On the down-stroke of the pistons lland 24., the fresh fuel below the piston ll is forced into the chamber 7- through the opening 12 and mixes with the heated exhaust products and any remaining portion .of an exploded mixture already in said chamber. Of course, as the piston 21 moves downwardly, the exhaust products previously drawn in'lo'the lower portion of parts corresponding movement to the arms the cylinder 23 pass by the valves 25 into the upper portion of said cylinder.

From the foregoing, the operation of the pumping means controlling the introduction into the chamber 7 of the fresh fuel and heated exhaust products, will be understood and circuits including the spark plugs 34: are so timed that a spark or sparks will be produced at the points 35 at predetermined intervals to explode the mixture in the chamher 7. The fuel, when exploded in the chamber 7 is, of course, expanded audit is conducted to the cylinders 1 and 1 by the sup ply pipes 16 and the combined inlet and exhaust pipes 18, such passage being, of course, controlled by the valves 19. For instance, as each crank arm 6 moves upwardly, it raises the rods'Ql connected thereto and im- 20, rotating the valves 19 until the. latter connects the outermost pipe 18 with the exhaust and simultaneously connects a branch supply pipe 16 with the other pipe 18, as shown most clearly in ,Fig. 1. Thus, when the valve 19 is in the position shown at the left in Fig. 1, the piston at. is moving out ward'ly andthe motive fluid at the outer side of said pistonis exhausting from said cylinder through the outer pipe 18 and the pipes 22 and 26. Meanwhile, the motive fiuid 'is passing into the inner end of the cylinder 1through the pipes 16, its branch 16 and the pipe 18 directly connected to said portion of the cylinder.

The-arrangement of the levers 28 is such that the'projections 31 will strike the anviis 32 with which they cooperate both on the upward and downward movemcntsof said levers, for which reason the anvils 32 have oppositely inclined impingement surfaces.

Since thepitman rods 5 are directly connected with" the cranks 6 and the pistons l,

.it will be apparent that they have an oscillatory movement, for which reason, it necessaryto provideon the inner ends of the cylinders 1 and 1 vertical elongated openings or slots 38. Since, however, the motive fluid is introduced into the cylinders 1 and 1' between the inner ends of the latter and the pistons, it is necessary to provide a closure for, the openings 38, normally re'ndering the cylinders aforesaid air-tight. For the above purpose, sliding closing plates 39 are employed, the same having their opposits: edges arranged in grooves in the slotted ends of the cylinders 1 and 1, said plates 39 normally closing the openings '38. The oscillating pitman rods 5, howei'er, pass through the closing plates 39 either directly, or through bushings 40 carried by said plates,- the members 5, of course, being adapted to slide longitudinally through the menibers 3.9,as the former oscillate during the rotation of the crank sli'aft.

" The carbureter used in connection with the invention is shown at 41 provided with a throttle lever 51 adapted to be controlled in any suitable manner, and an adjustable screw 4:7 for regulating the internal mechanism of the carbureter. The specific structure of the latter forms, however, no part of the present invention.

The oiling system hercinbcfore referred to is provided primarily by forming the various rods 5, 21 and 13 and the levers 28 and arms 20 with hollow portions, or in other words, by using tubular parts, whereby these parts are strengthened and the tubu-.

lar portions constitute lubricant passages designated a". It is contemplated that where the members are joined together ball and sockets or similar pivotal connections will be provided, the same having lubricant openings therethrough so to permit of passage of the lubricant to the part which is to be oiled. Any one or more of the tubular members above referred to may furthermore be provided with filling openings, as shown at 58. By the provision of the peculiar lubricating parts, as above described, it will. be apparent that the necessity of special oiling connections, devices, or the like, is entirely eliminated.

In regard to the general design of the engine or motor above described, it will furthermore be appreciated that the various valve parts ,and piston operating means are so arranged and connected that their operation may be accurately timed by initial adjustment and there is no necessity of further adjustment, such as incidental to the operation of ordinary explosive enginesp fresh supply of fuel into the chamber 7, the

lower pistons 24. perform a double function by withdrawii'ig the exhaust products from the cylinders 1 and 1' and forcing a certain portion of the same into the chamber 7 for the purpose hereiubefore described.

Notwithstanding the advantageous arrangement of parts and details of construction of the present motor as above set forth,

in a general way the engine is possessed of extreme simplicity as compared with motors most cou'unonly i n use at this time.

Having thus described the iuventiomwhat is claimed as new is:

1. In a motor of the class described, a plurality of cylinders and a piston for each cylindcr; a c 'ank shaft and connections thereinders and between the valve .mechacylinder, a crank shaft between and the pistons, valve mechanism .for each cylinder, means for operating said valve mechanism actuated by the movement of the respective pistons, a fuel chamber, connections between the valve mechanism and the cylinders and, between the valve mechanism and fuel. chamber whereby a fluid pressure medium may be alternately "supplied to opposite portions of each cylinder andzcxhaustmay'be conductedto the fuel-chamber from the cylinders, and pumpingmechanism for supplying fresh fuel 31nd exhaust to the fuel chamber.

2. In a motor of the class described, a

plurality of cylinders and a piston for each and connections therebetween and the pistclns, valve mechanism for each cylinder, means for operating said valve mechanism actuated by the move ment of the respective pistons, a fuel chamber disposed above said cylinders, connections li'etvveen the valve mechanism and cylnism and the fuel chaihher whereby a fluid pressure "medium maybe alternately ,supplied to opposite portions'of each cylnderand exhaust maybe conductedto the fuel chamber from the cylinders, pumping .lnechamsm for supplying fresh fuel and exhaust-to thefuel chamber, meansfor operating said pumping mechanism ;op.'erabl'e from said valve berating means, and means for igniting a chargeof fuelj'i'n'thef fuel chamber also operable from said'va'lve operating means.

' 3. In a motor of theclass described, the combination of a crank shaft; cylindcrsarranged atopposite sides of said shaft in opposed .relation, pistons in said cylinders, connections between the pistons and the crankshaft, valves adjacent to the cylinders -and controlling the passage ofpressure medium thereto, rtuls'movable on the movem'cnt of the -v pistons [for operating said valves. a fuel clmu'i'bcr. passages connecting said fuel chamber with said .c \"linders to supply fluid pressure to the same, and'means.

medium thereto, rods movable ginthe movement of the pistons for operating said i I 'al vcs, a fuel chamber, passages connecting said fuel chamber with said cylinders to;

supply fluid pressure to the same, means for conduct-mg the exhaust from the cylinders to the fuel chamber, said-means Including portions of said last named passages, pumping mechanism adapted to force fresh fuel ,into the fuel chamber, and rods for operatlng said pumping mechanism operable from said valve operating rods.

-5. In a motor of the class described, thecombination of two sets of cylinders spaced apart, a fuel chamber arrangedabove the space between the-cylinders, a crank shaft,

a piston in each cylinder and connections between the pistons and crank shaft, combined inlet and exhaust-pipes communicating with the cylinders at opposite ends thereof to supply the opposite sides of the pistons therein, valve means controlling the supply and exhaust of the fluid pressure medium through said pipes, rods directly connectingthe crank ressure medium to shaft with said valves for controlling the I operation of .the latter, pumping mechanism for supplying the fluid pressure me dium to the fuel chamber, means for'op erats ing said pumping mechanism from the crank shaft, and passages connecting said valve means with said fuel chamber to conduct the exhaust to the latter.

-- -6. In a motor of the class described, the

combination of'a plurality of cylinders, pis

t'cns oper'ating therein, a crank shaft, con- I ncctions between the cranks of the shaft and thep'istons. a fuel chamber, valve chambers,

combined inlet and exhaust pipes coune'ct-' ing the valve chambers with the cylinders to supply a fresh mediuinto-thelatterat opposite sides of their.pistons,supply pipescoik n'ecting the fuel chamber and valve-chain-xbcrs an exlum'st ,pipe connected 'with the valve chambers. pumping mechanism adaptedto force freshfuel and a portion of-the exhaustfrom the cylinders 'into the fuel 7 chamber, connections betweeuthe exhaustpipe and said pumping mechanism, valves in said valve chambers for controlling the inlet and exhaust action of the inlet and ex-. haustpipes and also forcontrolling the com munication of the supply pipes with. the val ve chambers,- arms. extending from: said valves, rods connecting said arms with the crankarms. levers-for operatingthe pumping mechanism an'd rodsv connecting said valve arms with said levers.

7. In a motor of theclass' described, the combination of a plurality of cylinders, pistons operating therein, acrank shaft, connections between the cranks of the shaftfand the pistons. a fuel chamber, valve chambers, -combined inlet and exhaust pipes connecting the valve chambers w th the cylmders to supply a fresh medium-t0 the latter at op'- positc sides of their pistons,"- supp'l y. pipes connecting the fuel chamber and ;valve chan'ibers, an exhaust pipe connected W ththe valve chambers, pumping; mechanism adapted to force fresh fuel and a portion of the-exhaust from thecylindcrs into the fuel chamber. connections between the exhaust pipe and said pumping mechanism, valves crank arms, levers for operating the pumping mechanism, and rods connecting said valve arms with said levers, and exploding means cooperating with the fuel chamber and operable by the levers aforesaid.

8. In a motor of. the class described, the combination of a plurality of cylinders, pistons operating therein, a crank shaft, connections between the cranks of the shaft and the pistons, a fuel chamber, valve chambers, combined inlet and exhaust pipes connecting the valve chambers with the cylinders to supply a fresh medium to the latter at opposite sidcs of their pistons, supply pipes connecting the fuel cian'iber and valve chambers, an exhaust pipe connected with the" valve chambers, pumping mechanism adapted to force fresh fuel and a portion of the exhaust from the cylinders into the fuel chamber, connections between the. exhaust pipe and said pumping mechanism, valves in said valve chambers for controlling the inlet and exhaust action of the inlet and exhaust pipes and also for controlling the communication of the supply pipes with the valve chambers, arms extending from said valves, rods connecting said arms with the crank arms, levers for operating the pumping mechanism, and rods connecting said valve arms with said levers, and exploding means carried by the fuel chamber and comprising a movable electrode, and a member carried by each, lever for engaging "and ac tuating said electrode.

9. In a motor of the class described, the combination of a crank shaft, cylinders arranged at opposite sides of said shaft in opposed relation, pistons in said cylinders, connections between the pistons and the shaft, valves adjacent to the cylinders and controlling the passage of apressure medium thereto, arms extending from said valves toward each other, and rods connected tojthe adjacent ends of said arms and t0 the shaft and operable by the latter in its movement.

10. In. a motor of the class described, the combination of a crank shaft, cylinders ar ranged at opposite sides of said shaftin op posed relation, pistons in said cylinders, connections between the pistons and the shaft, Valves adjacent: to the cylinders and controlling the passage of a pressure medium from for passage of'a llnid pressure medium to the 'cylinders, exploding devices cooperating with the fuel chamber, and connections between said devices and the valve mechanisms whereby the former are operated from the latter. a

11. In a motor of the class described. the combination of a crank shaft, cylinders arranged at opposite sides of said shaft in op-' posed relation, pistons in said cylinders, connections between the pistons and the shaft, valves adjacent to the cylinders and controlling the passage of a pressure me-, dium thereto, arms extending from said valves toward each other,'rods connected to the adjacent ends of said arms and to the shaft andv operable by the latter in its movement, exploding devices supported on the, sides of the fuel chamber, levers for operating said exploding devices, and connections, between said levers and valve arms. 12. In a motor of the class described, the combination of a crank shaft, cylinders arranged at opposite sides of said shaft in opposed relat iompistons in said cylinders, connections between the pistons and the shaft, valves adjacent to the cylinders and controlling the passage of a pressure medium tion of spaced series of opposed cylinders,

a crank shaft therebetween, istons in the cylinders, pitman rods extenting from opposite sides of the shaft and connecting its crankswith the respective pistons, a fuel chamber arranged above the space between the cylinders, valvechambers arranged above the cylinders of each series, pipes connecting said valve cha1nbers with the respective cylinders, other pipes connecting said chambers with the fuel chamber, an exhaust pipe connected with the valve chambers, cooperating with each series of cylinders, valves arranged in the valve chambers, operating arms attached to said valves and extending toward the fuel chamber, connecting rods between the arms and cranks of the shaft whereby as the shaftrotates the valves are actuated, pumping means on opposite sides of the fuel chamber, levers for actuating said pumping means, and connections between the levers of the nunping n'lechanisms on each side of the fuel chamber and the arms of the adjacent valves, whereby the movement communicated to the latter is transmitted to the pumping mech nisnls.

14:. In an explosive motor, the combination of spaced series of opposed cylinders, a crank shaft therebetween, pistons in the cylinders, pitman rods extending from opposite sides of the shaft and connecting its cranks with the respective pistons, a fuel chamber arranged above the space between the cylinders, valve chambers arranged above the cylinders of each series, pipes connecting said valve chambers with the respective cylinders, other pipes connecting said chambers with the fuel chamber, an exhaust pipe connected with the valve chambers cooperating with each series of cylinders, valves arranged in the valve chambers, operating. arms attached to said valves and extending toward the fuel chamber, connecting rods between the arms and cranks of the shaft whereby as the shaft rotates the valves are actuated, pumping means on opposite sides of the fuel chamber, levers for actuating said pumping means, connections between the levers of the pumping mechanisms on each side of the fuel chamber and the arms of the adjacent valves, whereby the movement communicated to the latter is transmitted to the pumping mechanisms, fuel supply means connected with the pumping mechanisms, and pipes connecting the exhaust'pipes to said pumping mechanisms, whereby as the engine operates, the pumping mechanisms are adapted to force fresh fuel and exhaust products into the fuel chamber.

, 15; In a motor of the class described, the

combination of a plurality of cylinders,

pistons operating therein, a crank shaft, connections between the cranks of the shaft and the pistons, a fuel chamber, valve chambers, combined inlet and exhaust pipes con-' necting the valve chambers with the cylinders to supply a fresh medium to the latter at opposite sides of their pistons, supply pipes connecting the fuel chamber and valve chambers, an exhaust pipe connected with the valve chambers, pumping mechanism ating the pumping mechanism, and rods.

connecting said valve arms with said levers, the aforesa1d,connect1ng rods, valve arms and levers being hollow so as to form lubricant chambers' 9- 16. In a motor of the class described, the combination of cylinders, pistons therein, a

crank shaft, pitman rods connecting the rods of said shaft and the pistons, valves con trolling the inlets and exhaust of the cylinders, arms for said valves, rods connecting the arms and the shaft, said arms connecting rods and pitman rods being hollow to provide lubricant chambers, and the connections between said parts and their adjacent connected parts being so constructed as to permit the fiow of lubricant through said connections.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

JOHN T. RYDBERG.

Witnesses:

ALFRED NELSON, FRILIOF ROLF. 

